1. 下载官方mysql镜像

# docker pull mysql:5.7.19
5.7.19: Pulling from library/mysql
85b1f47fba49: Pull complete 
27dc53f13a11: Pull complete 
095c8ae4182d: Pull complete 
0972f6b9a7de: Pull complete 
1b199048e1da: Pull complete 
159de3cf101e: Pull complete 
963d934c2fcd: Pull complete 
f4b66a97a0d0: Pull complete 
f34057997f40: Pull complete 
ca1db9a06aa4: Pull complete 
0f913cb2cc0c: Pull complete 



Digest: sha256:bfb22e93ee87c6aab6c1c9a4e7cdc68e9cb9b64920f28fa289f9ffae9fe8e173
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7.19
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7.19

# docker images|grep mysql
mysql                      5.7.19    3e3878acd190   5 years ago    412MB

2. 创建用于挂载的目录

创建两个目录：

mkdir /opt/mysql/data   #用于挂载mysql数据文件
mkdir /opt/mysql/conf.d #用于挂载mysql配置文件

# mkdir data
# mkdir conf.d
# ll
总用量 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 4月  25 18:44 conf.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 4月  25 18:44 data
# pwd
/opt/mysql

3. 启动容器

# docker run --name mysql5.7 -p 6606:3306 -v /opt/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /opt/mysql/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=112233 -d mysql:5.7.19
18f0f04f350dabff3d2a44b215bc795d71308d4d0769020819dd191517468240

[root@racknerd-9d3dad mysql]# docker ps -a|grep mysql
18f0f04f350d   mysql:5.7.19   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   8 seconds ago  Up 7 seconds   0.0.0.0:6606->3306/tcp, :::6606->3306/tcp    mysql5.7

其他参数：

–restart always：开机启动
–privileged=true：提升容器内权限
-e MYSQL_USER=”marvin”：添加用户marvin
-e MYSQL_PASSWORD=”pwd123”：设置marvin的密码pwd123
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=”rootpwd123”：设置root的密码伟rootpwd123
–character-set-server=utf8：设置字符集为utf8
–collation-server=utf8_general_ci：设置字符比较规则为utf8_general_ci

4. 进入mysql

# docker exec -it mysql5.7 mysql -uroot -p112233
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.19 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

5. 设置远程访问

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@"%" identified by "root.123" with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql>